EWC Codes Explained: A Complete Guide for Efficient Waste Management

22 October 2024 by CSG

What are EWC Codes?

An EWC Code is a six-digit code used to identify waste as it is listed in the European Waste Catalogue. They can also be referred to as a LoW (List of Waste) Code or a Waste Classification Code. EWC Codes are formatted as three pairs of numbers with a star if the waste is hazardous, for example 07 01 01*.

These codes not only describe the waste, but also specify where it comes from. With around 650 specific waste codes, choosing the right one can be challenging. That’s why we have put together our guide to help you understand EWC Codes.

The Importance of EWC Codes in Waste Management

EWC codes are more than just numbers; they are a common language that aids in efficient waste management practices. Proper classification using EWC codes ensures that waste is treated, transported, and disposed of appropriately, minimizing environmental impact and public health risks.

As well as being a legal requirement of your Duty of Care included in the Environmental Protection Act 1990, waste management service providers should require you to correctly classify the waste you’re producing using the relevant EWC Codes.

Using EWC Codes will also help you in:

• Effectively recording and monitoring the waste you’re producing.
• Ensuring waste is being segregated into the right waste streams.
• Correctly labelling your waste as hazardous or non-hazardous.
• Choosing the most suitable and sustainable treatment processes.

How to Identify and Apply the Correct EWC Code

An EWC Code is divided into three pairs of numbers, and where needed, an asterisk (*).

Chapters

The EWC is divided into 20 chapters, numbered from 01 to 20.

These titles are important, as your waste must fall within the scope of the title to be considered within that classification.

Some chapters also exclude certain waste types from certain categories in their title.

Some chapters are based on the type of business activity or industrial process that produced the waste, for example Chapter 17:

• Construction and demolition waste

Other chapters are based on the type of waste, for example Chapter 15:

• Packaging waste and recyclables

Sub-chapters

Sub-chapters divide the chapter into subgroups based on either the industrial process and business activity, or the type of waste.

Each sub-chapter is also given a two-digit number, creating a four digit number when the chapter is added to it at the start.

Individual entries

Individual entries are categorised into four types of entry, those coloured in:

• Red and labelled AH; they are known as ‘absolute hazardous’ wastes
• Black and labelled AN; they are known as ‘absolute non-hazardous’ wastes
• Blue and labelled MH; they are known as ‘mirror hazardous’ entries
• Green and labelled MN; they are known as ‘mirror non-hazardous’ entries

Mirror entry wastes are wastes that are not automatically hazardous or non-hazardous; and require assessment to determine hazardous properties.

The six-digit EWC Codes that are hazardous wastes have an asterisk (*) next to them.

Common Challenges and Best Practices with EWC Codes

Using EWC codes can present challenges for people in the waste industry. Some common difficulties include:

• Some code descriptions are broad, which can lead to uncertainty about which code to apply. For example, descriptions like “wastes not otherwise specified” are open to interpretation and can result in inconsistent coding practices.

To avoid problems such as this, CSG recommends that companies provide the most accurate waste information that they can. This includes performing thorough analysis of waste and documenting all findings.

• Certain waste materials may fall under more than one EWC code due to their composition or origin.

To prevent this issue, you should make sure you follow the hierarchy of the codes. Start with the source of the waste to determine the appropriate chapter in the EWC, and make sure you apply the most specific code to the waste before considering a more generic one.

• EWC Codes are subject to periodic updates to reflect new regulations or waste types.

Companies should be sure to stay updated with regulatory changes, review them regularly and adjust their practices accordingly.

How can CSG help?

If you need help with identifying what EWC Code your waste needs, take a look at our helpful EWC Code Look-up tool here!

If you need assistance with your hazardous waste management, CSG’s Hazardous Waste disposal service is here to help! Read more about our hazardous waste services here, and give us a call on 0800 011 6600 or fill out our enquiry form.